Which type of trait is influenced by genes located on the X or Y chromosome?

Sex-linked traits are specifically influenced by genes located on the X or Y chromosome. In humans and many other organisms, the sex chromosomes play a critical role in determining certain characteristics, particularly those associated with gender. For example, since males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas females have two X chromosomes, traits that are linked to genes on these chromosomes will exhibit different patterns of inheritance based on a person's sex.

Conditions such as hemophilia and color blindness are classic examples of sex-linked traits, as they are often carried on the X chromosome and primarily affect males. Since males have only one X chromosome, a single recessive allele on that chromosome will manifest as the trait, while females, having two X chromosomes, may require two copies of a recessive allele to show the same trait. This unique inheritance pattern highlights the significance of the sex chromosomes in determining specific traits.