Which type of speciation occurs when a population becomes geographically isolated?

Allopatric speciation is the process that occurs when a population is geographically isolated from other populations of the same species. This isolation can occur due to various physical barriers such as mountains, rivers, or distance, which prevents individuals from interbreeding. Over time, the isolated population may undergo evolutionary changes due to genetic drift, natural selection, or mutation, leading to the development of reproductive barriers. As a result, the separated populations evolve into distinct species. This type of speciation is significant as it highlights how environmental factors and geographic separation can drive the diversity of life through the formation of new species.