Which process results in the production of one female gamete?

Oogenesis is the process through which female gametes, or ova, are produced in females. This process occurs within the ovaries and involves a series of stages, including the division of primary oocytes through meiosis. During meiosis, one primary oocyte divides to produce one mature egg and polar bodies, which are not functional gametes. The key characteristic of oogenesis compared to other processes is that it ultimately produces a single viable female gamete while the others result in different outcomes.

In contrast, spermatogenesis produces multiple male gametes (sperm) from each germ cell. Meiosis I is a stage in both oogenesis and spermatogenesis but does not specifically produce female gametes on its own; it is part of the larger process of gamete formation. Binary fission, on the other hand, is a form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotic organisms and does not involve the production of gametes at all. Therefore, oogenesis specifically refers to the formation of one mature female gamete, making it the correct answer.