Which of these concepts is NOT related to evolutionary biology?

Photosynthesis is primarily a biological process that involves the conversion of light energy into chemical energy by plants, algae, and some bacteria. While it is essential for life on Earth as it provides the oxygen we breathe and forms the base of the food chain, it does not directly relate to the mechanisms or principles that drive evolutionary changes in species over time.

In contrast, natural selection is a key mechanism of evolution, where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. Genetic mutation introduces variability into a population's gene pool, providing the raw material for evolution. Speciation refers to the process by which new species arise, a fundamental aspect of the evolutionary theory that describes how populations diverge and adapt to their environments. All these concepts are fundamentally interlinked within the framework of evolutionary biology, highlighting why photosynthesis stands apart from them.