Which concept refers to the variety of heritable traits within a population?

The concept that refers to the variety of heritable traits within a population is genetic diversity. This term encompasses the different alleles and genetic combinations present among individuals in a population, which can affect various traits such as physical characteristics, behaviors, and disease resistance. Genetic diversity is crucial for the adaptability and survival of a species, as it provides the raw material for natural selection to act upon.

Species diversity refers to the variety of different species within a given area, while ecosystem diversity relates to the range of different ecosystems present. Population diversity does not specifically address the genetic aspects within a single species but rather emphasizes the variation among individuals within a population without explicitly focusing on genetic factors. Therefore, the term most accurately connected to heritable traits is genetic diversity.