What physiological process is primarily affected by arteriosclerosis?

Arteriosclerosis primarily affects blood flow due to the thickening and hardening of arterial walls. This condition leads to narrowed passages within the arteries, which can restrict the flow of blood throughout the body. When arteries become less flexible and narrow, the heart has to exert more effort to pump blood through these constricted vessels, which can result in increased blood pressure and reduced blood supply to organs and tissues. Adequate blood flow is vital because it ensures that oxygen and nutrients are delivered effectively to cells and removes waste products, therefore maintaining overall health and function. The other physiological processes listed are not directly impacted by arteriosclerosis in the same manner; for example, while oxygen transport may be indirectly affected due to reduced blood flow, it is not the primary physiological process influenced by this condition.