What is the process called when humans exert selective pressure on species?

The process by which humans exert selective pressure on species is known as artificial selection. This occurs when humans intentionally breed plants or animals for specific traits, favoring the reproduction of individuals that possess desirable characteristics. For example, farmers may select crops that yield more fruit or livestock that have certain physical traits, thus influencing the genetic makeup of subsequent generations.

Artificial selection differs from natural selection, which is driven by environmental factors and occurs without human intervention. In natural selection, individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. In contrast, artificial selection is a deliberate human choice rather than a natural process.

Environmental selection generally refers to the pressures exerted by the natural environment on species, influencing traits that increase survival and reproduction. Genetic modification involves directly altering the DNA of an organism, which is a different approach than the traditional selective breeding process associated with artificial selection.