What is referred to as a chromosome that is not a sex chromosome?

A chromosome that is not a sex chromosome is referred to as an autosome. In humans, autosomes are the 22 pairs of chromosomes that are not involved in determining an individual's sex; they carry the bulk of genetic information and traits. The remaining pair of chromosomes are the sex chromosomes, which determine an individual’s sex. In most mammals, these are labeled as X and Y chromosomes.

Understanding the distinction between autosomes and sex chromosomes is crucial in genetics. Autosomes play a role in various genetic traits, while sex chromosomes are central to sexual development and reproduction. Thus, identifying autosomes is key in exploring inheritance and genetic variation across populations, emphasizing how they differ from sex chromosomes.