What does biogeography study?

Biogeography focuses on understanding the geographic distribution of organisms across different regions and environments on Earth. This field examines how various factors, such as climate, physical barriers (like mountains and oceans), and historical events (like continental drift), influence where species are found and how they evolve over time in relation to their environments.

By studying biogeography, scientists can uncover patterns in biodiversity, investigate the effects of habitat fragmentation, and analyze how species adapt to varying ecological conditions. This knowledge is critical for conservation efforts, as it helps in understanding how to protect species and their habitats effectively.

The other options, while relevant in biology, pertain to distinct areas of study: genetic variation and inheritance patterns are aspects of population genetics, while cellular structure is studied in cytology. Each of these fields has its own focus and methodologies, separate from the geographical aspects emphasized in biogeography.