In humans, how many chromosomes are present in a diploid cell?

Humans have a diploid number of chromosomes that is typically 46. This total includes two sets of 23 chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent. In a diploid cell, these paired chromosomes consist of 22 pairs of autosomes (non-sex chromosomes) and one pair of sex chromosomes, which determine the individual's biological sex (XX for females and XY for males). This diploid arrangement is crucial for sexual reproduction as it allows for genetic diversity through the combination of genes from both parents during meiosis. The significance of possessing 46 chromosomes is foundational in understanding human genetics, development, and inheritance patterns.